The king moves one square in any direction.In competitive games, the piece colors are allocated to players by the organizers in informal games, the colors are usually decided randomly, for example by a coin toss, or by one player concealing a white pawn in one hand and a black pawn in the other, and having the opponent choose. the white queen begins on a light square, and the black queen on a dark square. The correct positions of the king and queen may be remembered by the phrase "queen on her own color" – i.e. The board is placed with a light square at the right-hand corner nearest to each player.
Black's position mirrors White's, with an equivalent piece on the same file. On the second rank is placed a row of eight pawns. Thus, on White's first rank, from left to right, the pieces are placed in the following order: rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, rook. The pieces are set out as shown in the diagram and photo. By convention, the 64 squares alternate in color and are referred to as light and dark squares common colors for chessboards are white and brown, or white and dark green. The game is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks) and eight columns (called files). Chess sets come in a wide variety of styles for competition, the Staunton pattern is preferred. Each set consists of sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. The players of the sets are referred to as White and Black, respectively. the light set may be a yellowish or off-white color, the dark set may be brown or red), they are always referred to as "white" and "black". While the sets might not be literally white and black (e.g. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.Ĭhess pieces are divided into two different colored sets. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. Aspects of art are found in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art, and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. The first universally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886 Ding Liren is the current World Champion. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE (the International Chess Federation). Organized chess arose in the 19th century. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. Checkmating the opponent's king involves putting the king under immediate attack (in " check") whereby there is no way for it to escape. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide.Ĭhess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. The rules of chess as we know them today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). 900 years earlier)Ĭasual games usually last 10 to 60 minutes tournament games last anywhere from about 10 minutes ( fast chess) to 6 hours or more.Ĭhess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. Left to right: white king, black rook, black queen, white pawn, black knight, white bishopĬ.
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